It is a greater term which has a broader scope. Now, as far as I could understand, happiness is a state of mind. One of his suggestions was to pursue joy, not happiness. He was delivering a speech to some high school students where he spoke about different things which one should do in life. Or, add one cup of 28% ammonia solution to four cups of water to convert it to household ammonia.What is the difference between joy and happiness? How does one pursue joy and be happy? What exactly is joy and how does it impact happiness? Ever wondered or pondered about these? Return the ammonia to the bottle and reuse it (although it is now somewhat weaker), or pour it into the toilet and flush. Once it’s done, suit up, remove the chamber and the ammonia, and if you are not working outdoors, air out the room and the furniture. ![]() Fumed wood is still raw wood, so you can tweak the color using dye or pigment stain prior to applying clear finish. Shine a heat lamp through your clear plastic sheet chamber to boost the temperature above 80 degrees for warmer (redder) colors, or leave it cold for cooler (greener) ones. Hotter air temperatures during fuming create more reddish, as opposed to greenish, hues. ![]() To test sample scraps for true color, wipe them with mineral spirits, water, or the finish you plan to use. Typical schedules vary from 12 to 72 hours. The longer you fume, the darker the wood gets. To color the sapwood, brush it, before fuming, with a tannic acid solution or strong, brewed tea, which contains tannin.Īlthough you can’t control color as precisely as with stains, you can affect it. Notice that the sapwood is not affected by the fumes.įuming turns heartwood, which contains a lot of tannin, dark brown - but sapwood, low in tannin, stays light. They were exposed to ammonia fumes at 12-hour increments, up to 72 hours. Get the fuming chamber set up, suit up in safety gear, quickly pour the ammonia into a bowl, seal the fuming chamber, and leave the area.Ĭontrolling the Color The above samples demonstrate the effect exposure time has on wood color. SAFETY WARNING: Strong ammonia is virulent, so wear goggles, gloves, long sleeves, and a good respirator, and even with all that, limit your exposure. Don safety gear, pour some ammonia into a bowl or dish (anything except paper or aluminum), and slip it into the chamber along with the pieces to be fumed. There’s no need for fans inside, as the ammonia fumes will disperse rapidly on their own. Make an airtight fuming chamber by sealing the edges of a plastic bin or shed with duct tape, or build a simple frame and drape it with plastic sheeting, weighting the edges so no fumes escape. Don’t worry if the grain raises a bit you can safely de-fur the wood with 400-grit paper after fuming. The color does not go that deep, so sanding afterwards can result in uneven coloration. ![]() Instead, use 28% ammonium hydroxide, once commonly used in blueprint machines and still available from chemical supply companies. ![]() Household cleaning ammonia is too weak to be of much use it is only a 5% solution. You create ammonia fumes by exposing strong ammonium hydroxide to the air. Ammonia fumes react with tannin, so only woods that contain tannin, like oak, walnut, cherry and mahogany, will darken when fumed. The fuming process is a chemical stain: we apply a chemical that reacts with something already in wood to create a dye right in the wood itself. Today we use quicker, cleaner methods for fuming our wood projects. Our ancestors knew that if you bury white oak in manure, it will turn dark, not from the color of the manure itself, but from the ammonia fumes manure releases. This is the method that was often used to create the dark oak finish seen on many pieces of antique arts and crafts or mission-style furniture. You can stain and darken wood using chemical fumes.
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